From D&D 3.5 to 5.0(5E) - 3 - Ability Scores and Subraces in 5th Edition Rules

Characters of all races get bonuses to their starting ability scores, and none get penalties.  Humans get +1 on each score.  Yes, you read that correctly.  Human PCs are no longer the baseline non-modified standard.  I believe Humans have more total starting bonuses than any other race in the PH.

The game also introduces "subraces" such as Mountain Dwarves and Hill Dwarves.  All Dwarves start with a +2 Constitution, but Hill Dwarves have +1 Wisdom while Mountain Dwarves have +2 strength.
Subraces also have some different proficiencies.  For example, all elves are proficient in the Perception skill, but only High Elves get the Cantrip ability which allows them to cast a Cantrip (0-level spell) even if the character has no spell caster class.  Wild elves may not get the Cantrip ability, but they do gain the "Fleet of Foot" proficiency which increases their base speed from 30 to 35.